King Vanraj Chavda: The Patron of Jainism

Mahaveer Sanglikar

Vanraj Chavda, an influential king of medieval India, is celebrated for founding the city of Anhilwara (modern-day Patan) and fostering a rich cultural and religious environment in Gujarat. His reign, dating back to the 8th and 9th centuries, marked a transformative era for the region.

King Vanraj Chavda’s Early Life and Rise to Power

Vanraj faced adversity and intrigue early in his life. Various sources, including the Ratnmala by Krishnbhatt and the Prabandhchintamani by Merutung, describe how Vanraj was born during turbulent times. According to legend, a rival king, Bhuvad killed Vanraj’s father, Jayshekhar, the Chavda king of Panchsar in a battle. Before Jayshekhar died, he sent his pregnant wife, Rupsundari, into the forest with her brother Shurpal.

The Prabandhchintamani recounts a story where a Jain Acharya Shilgunsuri observed a miraculous sign involving Vanraj and believed the boy was destined for greatness. Shilgunsuri foresaw that Vanraj, then a child, was not suited to be a monk but was worthy of a kingdom. This foresight led to Vanraj’s eventual rise to power.

Another account from the Purātana-prabandha-saṅgraha describes how Vanraj’s mother placed him in a hammock on a tree. A Jain monk noticed that the tree’s shade did not bend, a sign he interpreted as indicative of the boy’s royal destiny. The monk then took Vanraj and his mother to a temple, where they envisioned Vanaraja’s future as a king.

Accession to Anhilwara

Vanraj Chavda’s strategic founding of the city of Anhilwara marked his ascent to power. He established the city, now known as Patan, around 746 or 765 CE. According to local legend, Vanraj chose the site for the city based on a symbolic event involving a hare and a dog, which he interpreted as a sign of strength and courage. Guided by a shepherd named Anhila, after whom he named the city, Vanraj founded Anhilwara.

The founding of Anhilwara was a turning point in Vanraj’s reign. The city quickly became a prominent center of trade, culture, and learning. Vanraj’s patronage extended to various religious and cultural activities, including the construction of significant temples.

King Vanraj Chavda’s Relationship with Jain Monks & Jainism

Vanraj Chavda’s connection with Jain monks was integral to his reign. His support for Jainism is well-documented and highlights his religious tolerance and patronage. Notably, Vanraj was influenced by Jain monks such as Acharya Shilgunsuri, who shaped Vanraj’s destiny, and was instrumental in advising the king and establishing Jain institutions.

Under Vanraj’s rule, several Jain temples were constructed. The Prabandhachintamani recounts that at Acharya Shilgunsuri’s suggestion, Vanraj built the Panchasara chaitya (temple), which housed an idol of Parshwanath and a statue of Vanraj as a worshipper.

Vanraj Chavda was known to extend his support to Jain monks and monasteries. This patronage played a significant role in the growth of Jainism in Gujarat. He provided land and resources for the construction of Jain temples and monasteries, which became centers of learning and spirituality.

The king invited Jain scholars and philosophers to his court, where they were honored and given the opportunity to engage in intellectual discourse. This support not only helped preserve Jain teachings but also enriched the cultural and scholarly environment of the time.

Legacy and Contributions

Vanraj Chavda’s legacy extends beyond his founding of Anhilwara. His reign was marked by the promotion of both Hindu and Jain religious practices, fostering a diverse and harmonious society. The city of Anhilwara continued to thrive for centuries, becoming a key center of learning and commerce.

Vanraj’s contributions to the cultural and architectural heritage of Gujarat are enduring. The temples and structures from his reign reflect the artistic and spiritual excellence of the time. His support for Jainism and his interactions with Jain monks underscore his commitment to a multi-religious society.

Conclusion
Vanraj Chavda’s life and reign are a testament to his resilience, vision, and leadership. From his challenging beginnings to his establishment of Anhilwara and his patronage of Jainism, Vanraj’s journey is inspiring. His legacy as a king who embraced and supported multiple religious traditions continues to be celebrated, making him a revered figure in Indian history.

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