Jains and Jainism in America

Mahaveer Sanglikar

A Growing Cultural and Religious Presence of Jains and Jainism in America

Jainism, one of the most ancient and influential religions originating from India, is founded on the principles of non-violence (ahimsa), truth (satya), pluralism (anekantvad) and asceticism. This religion has historically emphasized spiritual purity, self-discipline and a deep respect for all forms of life.

Though it has remained a minority faith globally, Jainism’s teachings have had a significant impact, especially in the fields of ethics and environmentalism.

Over the past few decades, Jainism has spread beyond the Indian subcontinent, with a growing number of adherents establishing a strong community in the United States. This article explores the history, growth, and contributions of the Jain community in the U.S., as well as the challenges and opportunities they face.

Historical Background of Jain Migration to the USA

The migration of Jains to the United States can be traced back to the early 20th century, but it was not until the post-1965 era that significant numbers began to arrive. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which removed national-origin quotas, opened the door for a large influx of immigrants from Asia, particularly India. Among these immigrants were many Jains, who sought better educational and professional opportunities in the U.S.

The early Jain immigrants were primarily professionals such as doctors, engineers and academics. They were drawn to the U.S. by the promise of economic prosperity and the chance to provide a better life for their families. These early pioneers laid the foundation for what would become a thriving Jain community in the United States.

By the 1980s and 1990s, the Jain population in the U.S. had grown significantly, leading to the establishment of formal religious and cultural institutions. These institutions were crucial in helping Jains maintain their religious practices and cultural identity in a new and often challenging environment.

You may like to read: Barrister Virchand Gandhi: A Bridge Builder Among Faiths (Barrister Virchand Gandhi was the first Jain to travel to America).

Establishment of Jain Centers and Temples in America

One of the most significant developments in the history of Jainism in the U.S. has been the establishment of Jain temples and community centers. The first Jain temple in the United States was established in 1981 in Los Angeles, California. This temple was a modest beginning, but it marked the start of a movement to create spaces where Jains could practice their faith and gather as a community.

Today, there are over 100 Jain temples and centers across the United States, with significant concentrations in states like California, New Jersey, New York, Texas, and Illinois. These temples vary in size and structure, from small prayer halls to grand, intricately designed buildings that reflect the architectural traditions of India.

Jain temples in the U.S. serve as more than just places of worship; they are cultural and educational hubs. They host religious ceremonies, festivals, and community events, helping to preserve Jain traditions and pass them on to younger generations. For instance, during major festivals like Paryushana and Mahavir Jayanti, temples become the focal point of communal activities, drawing large numbers of participants from across the region.

Cultural and Educational Initiatives by American Jains

In addition to their religious functions, Jain centers in the U.S. play a critical role in education. Many temples run Sunday schools where children learn about Jain philosophy, scriptures, and ethics. These schools often use a combination of traditional teachings and modern educational methods, ensuring that Jain values are conveyed in a way that resonates with young people growing up in the American cultural milieu.

Moreover, Jain organizations have established scholarship programs, youth leadership initiatives, and cultural exchange programs that help connect young Jains with their heritage. These initiatives aim to cultivate a strong sense of identity and community among the younger generation, many of whom are second or third-generation Americans.

The Jain community has also been proactive in organizing national and international conferences, such as the biennial JAINA (Federation of Jain Associations in North America) conventions. These events bring together Jains from across the country and around the world, fostering a sense of global community and encouraging the exchange of ideas and experiences.

Integration of Jains into American Society

Jains in the United States have successfully integrated into American society while maintaining their distinct religious and cultural identity. This balance is evident in the professional achievements of Jains across various fields. Many Jains have become leaders in business, medicine, academia, and technology, contributing significantly to the U.S. economy and society.

The entrepreneurial spirit of the Jain community is particularly noteworthy. Numerous Jains in the U.S. have established successful businesses, ranging from small enterprises to large corporations. Their business practices often reflect Jain values, such as ethical conduct, non-violence, and social responsibility.

In the medical field, Jains have made significant contributions as doctors, researchers, and healthcare professionals. Their commitment to non-violence and compassion aligns closely with the principles of medical ethics, making them respected figures in the healthcare industry.

In academia, Jain scholars and educators have played a vital role in promoting Jain studies and raising awareness of Jainism in the U.S. Dr. Padmanabh Jaini, a distinguished scholar of Jainism, and Dr. Christopher Chapple, a professor who has extensively studied and taught Jain philosophy, are examples of individuals who have contributed to the academic understanding of Jainism in the West.

Jainism in America: Sadhvi Siddhali Shree: First American Jain Monk. — Sadhvi Siddhali Shree: First American Jain Monk

Philanthropy and Social Service by American Jains

Philanthropy is another area where Jains in the U.S. have made a significant impact. Many Jains are involved in charitable activities, both within their local communities and internationally. Jain philanthropists have funded hospitals, schools, and universities, as well as various social service projects aimed at alleviating poverty and promoting education.

The principle of ahimsa, or non-violence, extends beyond human interactions to include concern for all living beings. This has led many Jains to support animal rights, environmental conservation, and vegetarianism. Jain organizations in the U.S. often advocate for these causes, raising awareness and encouraging others to adopt more ethical and sustainable lifestyles.

Interfaith Dialogue and Community Engagement

Jains in the United States have been active participants in interfaith dialogue, promoting mutual understanding and respect among different religious communities. Jain organizations regularly collaborate with other faith groups on issues such as peacebuilding, social justice, and environmental stewardship. These efforts have helped to raise the profile of Jainism in the U.S. and demonstrate the relevance of its teachings in addressing contemporary global challenges.

Interfaith initiatives have also provided opportunities for Jains to share their unique perspectives on non-violence, compassion, and ethical living. By engaging in dialogue with other religious communities, Jains have contributed to the broader discourse on how diverse religious traditions can work together to promote a more just and peaceful world.

Challenges Facing the Jain Community in the U.S.

Despite their many successes, Jains in the U.S. face several challenges, particularly in preserving their religious and cultural identity in a predominantly non-Jain environment. The younger generation, in particular, is at a crossroads, as they navigate the complexities of living in a multicultural society while staying connected to their Jain roots.

One of the primary challenges is the potential dilution of religious practices and values as Jains become more assimilated into American culture. The pressures of modern life, including busy work schedules and the demands of raising a family, can make it difficult for Jains to fully engage in religious practices and community activities.

Another challenge is the transmission of Jain teachings to younger generations. While many temples and organizations offer educational programs, there is a concern that the depth of understanding and commitment to Jain principles may diminish over time. This is particularly relevant in the context of globalization, where young Jains are exposed to a wide range of influences and belief systems.

To address these challenges, the Jain community in the U.S. has been focusing on innovative ways to engage youth and ensure the continuity of their religious and cultural heritage. This includes the use of technology and social media to connect young Jains with each other and with their religious teachings. Online platforms, virtual classes, and digital resources have become increasingly important tools for education and community building. (You may like to visit Young Jains of America).

The Future of Jainism in America

Looking ahead, the future of Jainism in the United States appears promising. The community’s commitment to preserving its religious and cultural identity, combined with its active engagement in broader societal issues, suggests that Jainism will continue to thrive in the American context.

The growing number of temples and community centers, coupled with the increasing participation of Jains in interfaith initiatives, indicates that the community is not only sustaining itself but also expanding its influence. As more young Jains take on leadership roles and bring fresh perspectives to their faith, Jainism in the U.S. is likely to evolve in ways that are both rooted in tradition and responsive to the needs of a changing world.

Moreover, the values of Jainism—non-violence, compassion, environmental stewardship, and ethical living—resonate strongly with many contemporary social and environmental movements. This alignment presents an opportunity for Jains to play a more prominent role in shaping the ethical and cultural discourse in the U.S. and beyond.

Conclusion

Jainism, with its rich history and profound teachings, has found a new home in the United States. The Jain community, though small in number, has made significant contributions to American society, from business and academia to philanthropy and interfaith dialogue. As they navigate the challenges of maintaining their religious and cultural identity in a diverse and dynamic society, Jains in the U.S. are poised to continue their tradition of spiritual and ethical leadership.

In an increasingly interconnected world, the principles of Jainism offer valuable insights into how we can live more harmoniously with each other and with the planet. As the Jain community in the U.S. continues to grow and flourish, its influence on American culture and society will likely become even more profound, contributing to a richer and more diverse tapestry of religious and cultural life in the United States.